AĞACIN YAŞI NASIL HESAPLANIR

AĞACIN YAŞI NASIL HESAPLANIR

Yazar: kaya Yayınlandı: Ahşap Hakkında Yayınlanma Tarihi: 2018-09-22 Görüntülenme: 13949 Yorumlar: 1252
Kesilmiş bir ağaç gövdesi üzerindeki halkaları çoğumuz biliyoruz. Bir ağacın yaşını belirlemek için öncelikle bu halkalardan yararlanırız. Aslında bu halkalar ağacın yaşı yanında daha birçok önemli bilgi barındırır.

Ağacın Yaşı Nasıl Hesaplanır Kesilmiş bir ağaç gövdesi üzerindeki halkaları çoğumuz biliyoruz. Bir ağacın yaşını belirlemek için öncelikle bu halkalardan yararlanırız. Aslında bu halkalar ağacın yaşı yanında daha birçok önemli bilgi barındırır.


Ağaç halkalarının varlığı mevsimlerle yakından ilişkilidir. Mevsimsel farklılıkların bulunduğu kuzey yarıkürede büyüme sürekli olmayıp, ilkbaharla birlikte hızlanır, yazın azalır. İşte bu büyüme hızı farklılğından dolayı ilkbaharda oluşan odun dokuları açık renkli, yazın oluşan odun dokuları ise koyu renkli halkalar şeklinde görülür. Bu durumda bir açık ve bir koyu renkli halka bir yıllık bir büyümeye karşılık gelir. Yıllık halkalar diye bilinen bu halkaların sayısı ağacın yaşını vermektedir.


Yıllık halkaların bize sunduğu bilgiler ağacın yaşı ile sınırlı değildir. Bu halkalar yardımıyla;

•Arkeolojik kalıntıların tarihlenmesi

•Geçmişte oluşan erozyon ve çökelim hızının belirlenmesi

•Radyoaktif karbon yoluyla saptanan yaşların doğrulanması

•Önemli orman zararlarının veya yangınların gerçekleştiği tarihlerin anlaşılması

•Geçmişte yaşanan iklim değişikliklerinin ortaya konması mümkün olur...

Çok genel olarak yıllık büyüme halkalarının yardımıyla geçmişte yaşanmış tüm bu olayları belirlemeye çalışan bilim dalına Dendrokronoloji denmektedir. Yaşayan dikili haldeki bir ağacın yaşı Artım Burgusu denilen bir alet yardımıyla bulunur. Ormancılık çalışmalarındaki mühendislik esasları çerçevesinde yapılan ölçüm işlemlerinde bu alet çok işimize yaramaktadır. Bu artım burgusu; yaşı ölçülecek ağacın gövdesinin yerden 1.30 m yüksekliğindeki bölgesinde, ağacın gövdesine çevirmek suretiyle sokulur. Daha sonra halka kaşığı yardımı ile ağaca zarar vermeden bir yaş halkası çubuğu dışarıya çıkarılır. Ve bu çubuk üzerinden ağacın yıllık halkaları kolayca sayılır. Tabi bu işlemin daha birçok teknik ayrıntıları bulunmaktadır.

Bazı ağaç türlerinin çok uzun yıllar yaşayabildiğini biliyor musunuz? Dünyanın saptanmış en yaşlı ağacı Sierra-Nevada'nın (Kaliforniya-ABD) kuzeybatı yamaçlarında denizden 3275 m. yüksekte yetişmiş bir çam ağacıdır. (Pinus longaeva) 1963-1964 yıllarında yapılan tespitlerle bu ağacın yaklaşık 4900 yıllık olduğu anlaşılmıştı. Bu ağaç günümüzde ne yazık ki yaşamıyor, insanoğlu'nun acımasız testeresinden kurtulmayı başaramadı...

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